Frame Relay Part 1.

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Before you know about Frame Relay you should know what Relay is?

What is Relay?

A group of people or animals engaged in a task or activity for a fixed period of time and then replaced by a similar group
Verb of Relay is - Receive and pass on (information or a message).
Telecommunications Relay Services ( TRS ) allows almost anyone in the world to communicate with individuals with speech or hearing loss.
According to Wikipedia Relay is?
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
What is a circuit?
Basically circuit is route and path, it is a link between user end points. In Frame Relay there are two types of Circuits:-
A: Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC)
B: Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC)
These circuits are called as virtual in Frame Relay because there is a logical connection where the user data moves from one end to other, but without a direct electrical circuit. These circuits are maintained 24*7 but are installed only once, these circuits are not created and ended by users at their PC.
Frame Relay?
Frame relay is a synchronous HDLC protocol based network. Data basically sent in from of HDLC Packet which is also referred as “frames”. Frame Relay is the most important topic to discuss because it is the most popular wan technology used today. Frame Relay mostly works on Data Link Layer of OSI model which is also called Layer 2.If u remember the PDU of Layer 2 was ‘frame’, I will help you to memories that Frame Relay works on OSI Layer 2. It is used to deliver packets to routers, packet is Layer 3 PDU’s.
Frame Relay basically performs on customer equipment’s only to perform end to end error correction. In frame relay each switch just relays the frame from one switch to other. Most protocols do error correction anyway, protocols such as SDLC, HDLC, TCP/IP etc.
Frame Relay doesn't believe in Error correction it just passes blocks of data from switch to switch, thought the network is very much fast. Frame Relay offers an attractive alternative to both dedicated lines and X.25 network for connecting LAN's to bridges and routers.  The main advantage of frame relay is that many virtual circuits can exist simultaneously across a given transmission line. They consume bandwidth only when they transport data, means customer has to pay for the only portion of bandwidth they consumed this type of circuit is called Switched Virtual Circuit (S.V.C) whereas frame relay has different option as well called Permanent Virtual Circuit (P.V.C), which is used on permanent basis in which weather the customer is using or not they have to pay for the same like lease line.

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